Respiratory distress is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality

among neonates, particularly in preterm infants. Surfactant therapy has been

shown to improve respiratory function. However, its effectiveness largely

depends on the quality of post-administration care. A prospective study was

conducted among 74 neonates who received surfactant therapy at the Pediatric

Center to describe current care practices and identify factors associated with

care outcomes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s

exact test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed that after

72 hours of treatment, 52.7% of neonates recovered from respiratory distress

and 75.0% achieved peripheral oxygen saturation levels above 95%.

Improvement in chest X-ray findings was observed in 95.9% of cases, and

62.2% of neonates were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation or

CPAP. Care quality was rated as good in 95.9% of cases. Gestational age and

amniotic fluid status were significantly associated with care outcomes.

Overall, surfactant therapy combined with standardized care markedly

improved respiratory outcomes, indicating the need for enhanced monitoring

and individualized care for extremely preterm infants and those with late

amniotic fluid abnormalities.