This study aims to investigate the current research competence of university students in Vietnam and explore factors affecting their development within the context of Industry 4.0. A total of 320 undergraduate students and 12 academic staff members from four universities participated in the study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire for students and semi structured interviews with lecturers and advisors. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of survey responses using SPSS and qualitative thematic analysis of interview transcripts. The findings reveal that students possess a moderate level of research competence, with strengths in academic writing but weaknesses in data analysis and digital tool usage. Additionally, disparities in digital literacy across disciplines and insufficient institutional support were identified as major challenges. The study underscores the need for early integration of research training, enhanced mentorship, and systematic incorporation of digital technologies to better prepare students for research demands in the digital era.