Patient safety competence is a core requirement for nursing students prior to participating in clinical practice and plays a critical role in ensuring quality of care. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 256 thirdand fourth-year nursing students to assess self-reported patient safety competence and to identify associated factors. The results indicated that 55.9% of students demonstrated a good level of competence, 43.4% showed a moderate level, and 0.8% were classified as poor level. The highest mean scores were observed in the domains of human and environmental factors, and confidence and readiness for practice. Completion of a patient safety course, training in clinical communication, the number of clinical practice semesters, and experience in witnessing or participating in the management of patient safety incidents were found to be significantly associated with students’ patient safety competence. Overall, the patient safety competence of nursing students was at a relatively good level. However, limitations remained in risk management and incident response, indicating the need to strengthen patient safety education, simulation-based training, and supervised clinical practice.